Axillary clearance has been used as part of surgery for breast cancer. Biopsy of lymph node tissue helps in the staging of breast cancer, providing prognostic information and identifying patients who ...

Duodenal lesions (benign, dysplastic or neoplastic) are rare. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and weight, anaemia and abdominal pain. Lesions in people who have inherited ...

The techniques of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) are appropriate only for the resection of early gastrointestinal cancers. 10 They are designed to completely remove the diseased mucosa by ...

Cold endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) demonstrates lower rates of delayed bleeding and perforation but a higher risk for recurrent or residual neoplasia than hot EMR in colorectal polyp treatment.

Gastrointestinal neoplasms can be cured by local resection as long as the lesions are in the early stage and have not metastasized. Endoscopic resection is a minimally invasive treatment for ...