A 19-year-old woman requested esthetic replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors (teeth #7 and #10). Despite previous orthodontic treatment, the patient's occlusion remained in an open bite ...

The interaction between genetics and tissue environment shapes how individual teeth form in different regions of the jaw. While most experimental studies have focused on mandibular (lower jaw) teeth, ...

A woman presented with an extremely rare case of bilateral fusion of her permanent lower jaw lateral incisors and canines, which resulted in crowding and made it difficult to clean her teeth. The case ...

Representative images and heatmaps illustrate how human fetal tooth germs from the upper and lower jaws, although morphologically similar at the cap stage, already display distinct gene expression ...